Memorandum Management and Law

Question: Depict about the Memorandum for Management and Law. Answer: Realities of the case In the accompanying case BC is an organization which is producing vehicles. The organization builds up a self-driving vehicle called the T2016 model that can drive itself utilizing Self-Drive innovation planned in-house by the organization's specialists. The organization demands to every one of its clients who need to buy the vehicle that they need to sign an agreement that incorporate ensuing provisions.- You should consistently keep your eyes out and about, your hands on the directing haggle arranged to assume control over Oneself Drive mode in spite of it being actuated whenever. In case of any case for break of agreement, the companys obligation for remuneration won't surpass $5,000. Tom plays in the interest of the Australian Olympic paddling group and he bought the vehicle for $20,000. Furthermore, in and in his flurry to drive his new vehicle, he marked the contact without perusing .The organization sales rep Jill attempted to clarify him all the provisions of the buy contract yet Tom anyway was not intrigued by what she needed to state and rather he continued to take conveyance of his new vehicle. One day he initiated Oneself Drive mode while voyaging, he was exceptionally worn out on that day and he nodded off on the driver's seat and the car met with a hardship. It was recognized by BC a short time later that Oneself Drive mode on that demanding vehicle was imperfect because of the carelessness of one of its architects he neglected to check the wiring of that specific vehicle. Because of slack cabling, oneself drive mode was incidentally impaired and his vehicle collided with a discard. Sadly for Tom, he continued leg and arm wounds from the mishap that would forestall him fromcompetitive game for a mind-blowing remainder. Tom is clearly exceptionally vexed and he sues the organization for contact break (Engineers Australias national congress endorsed another code, 2016). Answers and conversations Customers are the most critical and valuable property for any business association. Organization ought to give and gracefully the products and enterprises which are of top-quality, to the customers at sane rates. No promotion which is phony, lying anddeceptive ought to be introduced before customer.Proper game plans ought to be there to deal with client complaints and solicitations. There ought to be a Commitment to give high-class merchandise and the merchandise and items ought to be fitted for the necessary purposes. Client care post-deals, administrations , the expense ought to be fitting and it ought to be according to measures which ought not do not have the nature of the item or administration. The guarantees finished with the Customers ought not be phony. The organization should Repair, supplant, the item not living up to their Customer desires. The organization ought to consistently Respect the clients time. Organization ought not keep their clients pausing. The organization ought not overlook that there are various alternatives accessible in the market Companys misfortune are somebody elses gain (Management Study Guide, (N.A). The organization ought to have after deals administration and it is important and guarantees long haul development and benefits for the association. The organization ought to consistently be in contact with the customers resulting to the arrangement likewise as on the grounds that we wish to make due in this merciless rivalry. We ought not overlook the calls when once we have sold the item. In the event that the client isn't satisfied with the companys item, at that point it is the obligation of the organization to supplant it or give an answer for it. Clients criticisms ought to be taken which causes our organization to comprehend the fulfillment level of our clients and how we could can improve the item in future (NCAT NSW common and authoritative council, 2016). The organization should test the item before it is offered to the client .So that in future comparative time of cases won't happen. At the point when any car is sold by the organization it ought to be roadworthy at the hour of arrangement. A Safety Inspection Report is given to the client, otherwise called formal notice, and it expresses that the methods for transportation is roadworthy. So the organization ought to likewise give formal notice to its clients (Legal and western Australia, N.A). The organization ought to join to the vehicle a notification containing the genuine specifics of the vehicle. Since according to engine sellers act 1974, it requires a vendor who offers or shows available to be purchased an engine vehicle, to append to the vehicle a notification containing the genuine points of interest of the vehicle ( NCAT NSW common and managerial council, 2016). End Organization needs to take numerous extra activities with the goal that the offer of the organization improves. The premier obligation is that shopper is fulfilled so the organization should take further and more activities for buyer fulfillment. References Expressions Law Center of Australia, (2016) Contracts: Getting it right, got to on 16 August 2016 from https://www.artslaw.com.au/data sheets/information sheet/gets a presentation/ Cuny School of Law, Drafting a Law Office Memorandum, got to on 16 August 2016 from https://www.law.cuny.edu/legitimate composition/understudies/update/reminder 3.html Legitimate and western Australia, (N.A) Motor vehicle mishaps, got to on 16 August 2016 from https://www.legalaid.wa.gov.au/InformationAboutTheLaw/CarsandDriving/mishaps/Pages/GeneralInformation.aspx The executives Study Guide, (N.A), Social Responsibilities of Organization towards Customers got to on 16 August 2016 from https://www.managementstudyguide.com/social-duties of-association towards-customers.htm NCAT NSW common and managerial court, (2016) Motor vehicles contextual analyses, got to on 16 August 2016 from https://www.ncat.nsw.gov.au/Pages/cc/Divisions/Motor_vehicles/Case_studies.page. Smallbiz-assets, (2016) what are the Rights and Responsibilities of Businesses? , Accessed on 16 August 2016 from https://smallbiz-resources.com/what-are-the-rights-and-duties of-organizations/

#WCEU 2018 Comics w/ ThemeIsle ... Volunteer Roles, After Party, Speaker Sessions

Hello folks! As you likely definitely know, ThemeIsle will go to WordCamp Europe 2018 as a media accomplice (we referenced it on a few events in our posts). The street so far has a great time; we needed to change our plan a piece and engage in helping the coordinators with the advancement of the occasion, both via web-based networking media and here, on the blog.After doing intriguing meetings with individuals from the sorting out group, joyousâ roundups with submitted WordCamp-ers, and even an infographic contrasting all the WCEU releases (from firstâ to current), this time around we have jokes for you! Delineated jokes, that is, made by Christian Mirra.Weve been trying different things with funnies for nine months now on our other blog, CodeinWP, and delighted in it for sure. So why not attempt it again here?We love chipping in at WordCamps so much, which is really the motivation behind why we made a three-board funny cartoon just about volunteer jobs. An indication to the author ity after gathering and a reference to the speakerâ sessions will be the two stories that will supplement the entire picture. Volunteer RolesIf youve joined the volunteer crew, make a point to check your set of working responsibilities and timetable before beginning your shifts.Go to topWatching two introductions at onceHave you at any point figured out how to go to all the meetings in an occasion? Likely not. As per the timetable, numerous extraordinary introductions will beâ happening simultaneously again this year. Likewise, a few workshops were added to the motivation, as well. So considerably more occasions will overlap. Go to topParty like film charactersWondering why Han Solo and his companions confused the WCEU after gathering with their own? Since a retro-cutting edge gatheringâ does sound like something that would be sorted out by your preferred Star Wars characters.And in light of the fact that aint no gathering like a #WCEU after gathering, of course. Go to top Th at is all, individual WordCamp-ers! In the event that you like our exceptional release of these WCEU funnies, give us some affection by means of the remarks area and internet based life, so others can grin as well.By the way, have you figured out how to set your needs yet? Since loads of marvelous exercises will occur during these three days. Anyway, on the off chance that our plans impact, we will meet there. 🙂So, top off with eagerness and espresso in light of the fact that WordCamp Europe is going to begin in just a couple of days. Our group will be there chipping in, doing live meetings in the Media Room, going to workshops, helping WordPress develop during Contributors Day, and staying aware of all the parties.But that is simply us. What are your arrangements for Belgrade? #WCEU 2018 #comics w/ThemeIsle ... volunteer jobs, after gathering, speaker meetings

Metoidioplasty vs. Phalloplasty

Metoidioplasty vs. Phalloplasty Relationships LGBTQ Print How Metoidioplasty Gender Affirming Surgery Works The Difference Between a Metoidioplasty and a Phalloplasty By Elizabeth Boskey, PhD facebook twitter linkedin Elizabeth Boskey, PhD, MPH, CHES, is a social worker, adjunct lecturer, and expert writer in the field of sexually transmitted diseases. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Boskey, PhD Updated on December 11, 2018 Oleksandra Korobova / Moment / Getty Images More in Relationships LGBTQ Spouses & Partners Violence and Abuse There are several types of gender affirming surgeries that are available to transgender men who want to undergo genital surgery, sometimes also known as bottom surgery. The 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey found that approximately 50 percent of men wanted or had undergone such surgery. Approximately half of those men were interested in a phalloplasty, the surgical creation of a penis using tissue from elsewhere on the body. The other half were interested in a metoidioplasty. How Metoidioplasty Works Metoidioplasty is the creation of a phallus (penis) from the hormonally-enlarged clitoris. The clitoris naturally enlarges when a man begins to take testosterone. A minimum of a year on testosterone is a requirement for all transmasculine genital surgeries. During a metoidioplasty, the clitoral ligaments are detached, which allows the clitoris to lengthen and drop into a position more similar to a natal phallus. On average, the created phallus is between 5 and 7 cm long, which may or not be sufficient to penetrate a partner sexually. (Depending on the man, this is not always a concern.)   A plastic surgeon then sculpts  the head of the clitoris to more closely resemble the glans penis. At the same time, the labia can be reshaped into a scrotum, with or without testicular prostheses. Metoidioplasty can be done either with or without urethral lengthening procedures. Urethral lengthening extends the urethra along the new phallus. Then, men are able to pee from their phallus. Being able to stand to pee is a major reason that men choose to undergo genital surgery. However, urethral lengthening does increase the risk of surgical complications. These complications are usually minor and can include dribbling or spraying during urination. They may also include urinary blockages or fistula. Metoidioplasty is usually considered to be a single-stage surgery. However, some men may require additional surgeries in order to achieve their desired results. Additional  surgeries may address either appearance or function. Metoidioplasty vs. Phalloplasty There are advantages and disadvantages to both metoidioplasty and phalloplasty. Therefore, its important for men to discuss their interests and priorities with their surgeon during the early consultation phase. Most men who choose metoidioplasty are quite happy with the outcome of their surgery. However, depending on surgical goals, as well as body composition and structure, it is not always the best choice. Some advantages of metoidioplasty over phalloplasty include: Shorter healing timeMore affordable surgeryLower complication rates, even with urethroplastyNo large scars that may be considered disfiguring or stigmatizing. (The scars left by the most common phalloplasty technique are both large and very recognizable to anyone who knows what to look for. For some men, that is not an issue. For others, it may be extremely uncomfortable.)The phallus created by metoidioplasty has natural erectile function, and there is no need for a penile prosthesis.Erotic sensitivity of the clitoris is maintained in the phallus. Some advantages of phalloplasty over metoidioplasty include: Patients are more likely to be able to sexually penetrate their partners if this is something of interest to them.The phallus is significantly larger than the one created through metoidioplasty.Some men feel that this surgery creates more natural looking genitalia. Choosing Phalloplasty After Metoidioplasty For men who initially choose metoidioplasty, it is possible to later undergo a phalloplasty. This is true regardless of whether the man chooses to have a urethral lengthening at the time of the procedure.   The reverse is not true. The procedure for embedding the clitoris in the penis during phalloplasty makes a later metoidioplasty impossible. Associated Abdominal and Genital Surgeries Transgender men seeking bottom surgery may also choose to undergo one or more associated surgeries.  Men who do not have any interest in carrying a pregnancy may choose to have a hysterectomy and ovariectomy. These procedures are abdominal surgeries used to remove the uterus and ovaries. For men who might want to have their own biological children but would find pregnancy dysphoric, gamete banking is an option. This needs to be done prior to ovariectomy and hysterectomy. Ideally, it should also be done before starting testosterone therapy, but that is not a requirement. Hysterectomy and ovariectomy are also options for individuals who do not want a phalloplasty or metoidioplasty but also do not want to worry about the possibility of cervical, uterine, or ovarian cancers later in life. Removing the uterus, cervix, and ovaries also removes the need for screening. Such screening can be very dysphoric for transgender men. Vaginectomy is the surgical removal of the vagina. Some surgeons who offer phalloplasty and/or metoidioplasty will offer this surgery as part of a single-stage reconstruction. Others prefer patients to have a vaginectomy in advance if that is something the patient wants. Of note,  some surgeons who perform transmasculine bottom surgeries do not offer vaginectomies and advise against them because of concerns about complications. The research literature is unclear about the risks of vaginectomies in transgender men. The outcome of such procedures is likely very closely related to the skills and experience of the surgeon. Outside the context of gender-affirming surgery, this procedure is primarily used to treat certain types of gynecologic cancer. As such, some plastic surgeons may refer patients interested in vaginectomy to a surgical gynecologist. What additional surgeries men choose  are a matter of both individual preference and the choice of surgeon.  For example, a surgeon who uses the vaginal lining to create the urethra in a phalloplasty will probably need the patient to undergo a vaginectomy either prior to or at the time of that surgery. On the other hand, a transgender man who wants to maintain the option to carry a pregnancy would not want to undergo any of these additional procedures. A Word From Verywell Decisions about whether or not to undergo gender-affirming surgeries are a personal choice. That includes both whether you want surgery and which procedures may be right for you. It can be helpful to discuss your goals and concerns for surgery with someone who is knowledgeable about the risks and benefits of the various options. This could include not just the surgeon but your therapist, and/or friends who have gone through a similar decision-making process. However, remember that different people have different motivations. The choices that make sense for a close friend may be different from the ones that make sense for you. In addition, the procedures offered by a particular surgeon may not be the ones you want. If that is the case, consider seeking out other options. They may not be the best doctor for you. Its never a bad idea to consider a second opinion, although getting one is not always a practical option. There are many areas of the country with no surgeons, or only one surgeon, performing these procedures.  Some of the big-name surgeons do offer phone or Skype consultations but be aware that you may have to pay out of pocket. The cost may not be reimbursable, and you may need to demonstrate your surgical eligibility  before they will discuss your case. Eligibility guidelines for genital surgeries generally include documentation of gender dysphoria, a minimum of 12 months on hormone therapy, and at least a year of living full time in the gender role you wish to surgically affirm. This is usually provided in the form of a letter from your hormone prescriber and one or two letters from behavioral health professionals.

How Plagiarism Is A Big Deal - 849 Words

The past two weeks, I had to write a persuasive essay on how plagiarism is a big deal and how I felt about it. We also had to find at least three reliable sources to provide facts and information on plagiarism to support our side. To start off, the first week was supposed to be the easy part of the essay, we had to find three reliable sources to provide support for our side in the essay. Our instructor had already given us two sources, so all we needed to find was one more from the online database the library provides for students. The next week, was the tough one, we had to compose a works cite page along with the prewriting and outline before we can start on our rough draft. After our rough draft, we would gather feedback from our peers and instructor through peer revision and writing conferences. After that, we had a few days to finalize our work and submit our final draft for grading. However, I did absolutely nothing the first week and a half, knowing what needed to be done. I p rocrastinated and held off my work until the weekend before the rough draft and final was due. I spent hours on Sunday night and Monday composing the prewriting, outline, and rough draft. I was really anxious and felt overwhelmed, because I had held off the whole entire essay that I had two weeks to do in just two days. I had never done so much in just two days and I felt I did horrible on this essay. I feel this is my worst essay of the semester, because I procrastinated to the very last days.Show MoreRelatedThe Ethical Reasons For Plagiarism1459 Words   |  6 Pages Plagiarism is the process of taking some one else work or ideas and showing it as their own works (Oxford Dictionaries). The purpose of this study is to understand 6 different ethical reasons used by student to overcome with plagiarism and with help of these ethical reason, faculties can bring a solution to stop or prevent plagiarism. Where as unethical behavior can also lead to worries in school or colleges, so there is need to correct it so that it has positive impact on organizational ethicsRead More The Problems of Plagiarism Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesPlagiarism is an academic misconduct in which students use someone’s ideas or information in their work without proper referencing. While western culture insists that sources of words, ideas, images, sounds be documented for academic purposes, â€Å"plagiarism is now recognized as a serious problem especially in university where students are just copying words from web sites or someone else’s work† (The Ow l At Purdue, 2007 ). According to East (2006, p.16), â€Å"many Australian universities are now developingRead MorePlagiarism By Robert J. Youmans900 Words   |  4 PagesPlagiarism in the Classroom Plagiarism has long since been an issue- especially in the classroom. Students try to pass off other people’s work as their own, sometimes stealing ideas, other times even entire papers. In Melissa D’Annunzio’s Ted Talk, â€Å"The Punishable Perils of Plagiarism†, she illustrates the severity of plagiarism through an animated video. In the video, there’s a fake department in charge of tracking down people who plagiarize and then throwing them in jail. By making up this scenarioRead More Plagiarism Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesPlagiarism For many, many years schools have been trying to stop students from plagiarizing materials. Detecting this plagiarism used to be easy because students only had access to books in the library, magazines, and encyclopedias. However, as the popularity of the Internet increased, so did the number of essays and papers being plagiarized. Students can easily go onto the internet and in no time at all find and essay on their topic of choice. For a certain fee they can buy the essay andRead MorePlagiarism And The Consequences Of Plagiarism1379 Words   |  6 Pages In this paper we will cover plagiarism. We will cover a brief history of plagiarism and look at the different types of plagiarism, as well as compare and contrast the different types. We will also look at who is most prone to plagiarize and why. We will also discuss the role plagiarism plays in academia and the consequences to plagiarizing. Webster’s online Dictionary defines plagiarism as â€Å"to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one s own: use (another s production) withoutRead MoreHow Plagiarism Affect Student s Life1270 Words   |  6 PagesHow Many Different Ways of Plagiarism Will Affect Student s Life Generally, plagiarizing is explained as peering other author’s opinions. It breaks the rules of conventions such as originated text and author’s thoughts. Also, plagiarizing lessens the author’s security to hold their property. So, plagiarized essay is not writer’s own possession (Nall, Gherwash, N.D). On the other hand, many students resort to misconduct. This can be resulted in punishments if they would not stop using doingRead MoreEssay about Academic Integrity - 31056 Words   |  5 Pagespaper will speak of Academic Integrity. What it means to use it correctly and the consequences when wrongfully used. I will voice my views along with the views of others on how Academic Integrity is good rule to follow to write a paper. The paper will also be speaking of the disciplinary action that will be put into place and how students have to go through steps to completing those disciplinary terms. What is Academic Integrity? What is the true meaning of Academic Integrity? Looking up the definitionRead MorePlagiarism, Research Skills and the Role of Assessment and Feedback1735 Words   |  7 Pages 4 Plagiarism 4 1.1 Definition 4 1.2 Tackling Plagiarism 4 ResearchRead More Intentional and Unintentional Plagiarism Essay1544 Words   |  7 PagesIntentional and Unintentional Plagiarism There are many problems in the college scene these days but one of the most overlooked and difficult to detect is Plagiarism. To get an idea of what plagiarism is you first have to know the definition. Webster’s Dictionary says it’s â€Å"to steal and pass off (the words or ideas of another) as one’s own: use (another’s production) without crediting the source.†[1] Which basically means you give an exact quote of someone else’s without saying it was thatRead MoreMusic: Which Cultures are Known for Plagiarism? Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pages Plagiarism is merely theft, it is the worst kind of stealing where a person takes the intellectual property/ ideas of another person and tries to pass them as his own, in other words it is simply cheating on oneself and others. Plagiarism occurs in many fields such as writing, technology, play production, architecture and many others†¦ But in this essay we are going to focus on plagiarism in music , specially that in the Arab world people are still ignorant of such kind of plagiarism, and there

Carotid Arteries

Phil 235 Paternalism Essay Free Essays

string(120) " neglect the fact that there is an obvious difference in the degree of knowledge between the patient and the physician\." Paternalism in the Medical Profession Philosophy 235 EC: Biomedical Ethics â€Å"The only appropriate and realistic model of the Dr.? patient relationship is paternalism. Doctors are the medical experts; most patients have little, if any, reliable medical knowledge; implicit trust in one’s physician is essential to the healing process; and doctors have the responsibility for our health and therefore have the duty to make all the important medical decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on Phil 235 Paternalism Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Critically assess that claim. The issue of doctor patient relationships has become more and more prevalent in our world today. It is hard to draw a clear line in deciding what the appropriate roles are of both the patient and the medical professional. The claim that the paternalistic model is the appropriate and most realistic model will be argued in this paper. This model states that the doctor is the one in complete control, making all decisions on behalf of the patient, and the patient grants the doctor this responsibility, obeying any orders. In this model, patients act as children, who are ignorant and unknowledgeable, and doctors act as parents, not only guiding the child in the right direction, but also, actually telling them what to do. Should doctors really hold complete responsibility for our health? Should they be the ones to make all the important medical decisions without patients having any say? This model will be argued in this paper in order to critically assess whether it should be dominant in our present society. â€Å"The traditional view held by physicians themselves was that the physician is the captain of the ship, and that the patient has to follow orders. † This view has only been strongly believed since the 19th and 20th century, when medical professionals were granted almost complete control over all decision making by their patients. Before that time, going to see a doctor was perceived as a last resort, and many would ignore their doctor’s advice altogether. Over time, this view has shifted and society began to believe that physicians â€Å"knew best, and therefore had not only the right but also the duty to make the decision. † Today, less and less citizens are continuing to agree with this point of view, and instead other doctor patient relationship models have emerged and been identified by Robert Veatch: the engineering model, the priestly model, the collegial, and the contractual model. The three alternative models to the priestly (paternalistic) model have emerged from a more contemporary perspective. The engineering model states that the relationship between the two parties would be nothing more than the doctor simply presenting the patient with the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options. Any decision as to which route to take is left entirely up to the patient. As the textbook explains, the doctor is nothing more than an â€Å"applied scientist†, or a â€Å"plumber without any moral integrity†, since ethics and values do not come into play in this relationship. Although I do not entirely agree with this model, the responsibility is lifted off of the physician, and the patient is given freedom to decide. This would follow the argument of self-determination, as said by Dr. Ornstein. This is the belief that all people who are competent should be the ones in control of determining their own fate. Society has not always believed or relied on medical professionals. In fact â€Å"until well into the nineteenth century, the physician was seen as a figure of last resort. † They were deemed useless and even harmful. With this in mind, I wonder why in our day and age, we would rely even more on physicians than we did in the past? Today, we have the privilege of finding out almost anything we need to know within minutes via the Internet, and that is why sometimes, it is the patient that knows more than his own doctor. It is important that patients assume some level of responsibility for their own health, instead of relying on doctors, and the engineering model would display that type of behavior. That is another reason why I oppose the claim that paternalism is the ideal relationship between doctor and patient. Another alternative model identified by Robert Veatch, is the collegial model. This theory emphasizes that both parties are connected through common goals and interests, and that each acts as an independent equal. This model would suggest that the parties work together, and therefore the responsibility is divided equally amongst the patient and physician. There is collaboration here, engaging in activities, which are satisfying to both, and demonstrating an adult-adult relationship, because no one party has greater control over the other. This model goes hand in hand with the partnership model, which expresses that health care professionals and their patients act as partners or colleagues in the pursuit of the shared value of health. There is mutual participation in this model, which demonstrates that, unlike the paternalistic model, the patient can help come to a medical decision. This model stresses, â€Å"the patient uses expert help to realize his ends. † This expert help can come in many forms, and as I have previously mentioned, today society is exposed to numerous modes of gathering any type of information that is of interest. It is of course obvious that the physician has a stronger medical background and is more competent in that field, but that does not diminish the participation or contribution of the patient. With that being said, it is my opinion that the paternalistic model has clearly outgrown our culture, when there are models such as the partnership or collegial model, which are more in sync with our world today. Finally, the third alternative to the paternalistic model is the contractual model. This model is similar to paternalism, in that it questions the assumptions of equality, however it differs in that there is a â€Å"contract† between both parties, leaving each with their own dignity and moral authority. What is crucial about this model is that it does not neglect the fact that there is an obvious difference in the degree of knowledge between the patient and the physician. You read "Phil 235 Paternalism Essay" in category "Essay examples" Instead of focusing on that discrepancy, the model concentrates on the agreement between the two parties to exchange goods and services and the enforcement of that by government sanctions. In other words, this model compromises between partnership and the reality of medical care, and according to Veatch, is the only realistic way to share all responsibility, while protecting various parties in health care. For example, both parties are freely entering this contract, and therefore are both given the right to leave it, given proper notice. However, while partaking in the contract, there are duties and obligations of each, which may neglect virtues of benevolence, care and compassion, which we do see stressed in other models. Leaving aside the three alternatives to the paternalistic model, there are several other arguments, which come to surface, when critically assessing the above-mentioned claim. The first is that doctors must act like parents because patients know much less than doctors do. This emphasizes the idea that the doctor patient relationship should be one of paternalism. This argument takes into account two different prototypes. The first is the parent-infant relationship, where the parent is the doctor, taking on an active role and the infant is the patient, taking on a passive role. In this case the patient is extremely dependent on the medical professional. The second is the parent-adolescent child relationship, where the physician guides the patient in the right direction, and the patient co-operates to the degree of obeying. Both suggest that the patient has no responsibility, and that the duty and obligation of all decisions rest on the shoulders of the physician. This proposes that patients are ignorant and unknowledgeable and given the opportunity to make their own decision, they would not be able to. It is likely that doctors know more than the average member of society, however, this is not to say that they are infallible, mistakes can happen. As Professor Ornstein has stated, we cannot choose our fathers, but we can choose our doctors, and in my opinion there is no connection where the two should be related. If a patient feels they should seek out a second, third or fourth opinion, that is their own right. Unlike the ability to seek out a second, third or fourth father. We do not have this option. It is possible and even probable that doctors will differ in their views, and each may guide their patient down a different path. Although a relationship between a physician and a patient should be based on a degree of trust and loyalty, if there is any sort of uncertainty, patients should not feel the pressure of following a path they do not believe in. Getting another opinion is not disloyal or disrespectful; it is a patient’s right. Additionally, today more patients recognize that it is unfair for doctors to take complete responsibility for our welfare, as we are exposed to so much free medical information. It is my opinion that it is the patient’s duty to also act responsible for his or her own welfare. Another argument that I have come across to oppose this claim is that doctors may be experts in medical matters but there may be other factors to take into account, such as ethical issues, when making a decision. Each doctor has taken an oath, to save lives. This is their main concern, and their main goal for each patient. One must wonder, whether or not this is always ethical. As Professor Ornstein has suggested, do we save someone who as a result must live the rest of his or her life in agonizing pain? Or do we relieve them of that pain, and simply allow them to pass away? This is an ethical issue where many doctors may have opposing points of view, and may decide that their job would be to save the patient. That would be a paternalistic instinct however; medical decisions should not be purely medical all the time. There are always other factors to consider such as the medical conditions of the patient, their preferences, the quality of life and the socio economic conditions. Each, of course, is given a weight dependent on the specifics and circumstances of the case. In the case of a patient who is experiencing excruciating pain, the doctor may come to the conclusion that the best option would be to remedy that pain with medication. It is important to note, that this paternalistic act is ignoring all ethical issues and only taking medicine into account. Opposing this notion would be to consider how this medication might cloud the patient’s judgment, or recognizing the patient’s preferences prior to formulating a medical decision. Doctors might be experts in medical matters, but the other factors, which are necessary to take into consideration, deem the paternalistic view inadequate. A final argument against the paternalistic view is that physician-patient interactions are negotiations. Viewing the interactions as negotiations, is in itself opposing paternalism because the patient is given some level of autonomy to take part in the decision making process. The goal is to reach a mutual agreement. In order to do so, there are certain steps that must be followed. Firstly, the negotiation should involve adequate disclosures by both parties. This is necessary, so that values and objectives are clear, and a fair negotiation can take place. Secondly, the negotiation should be voluntary, meaning uncoerced. Neither party should feel threatened while entering into the negotiation process. And finally, the solution should be one of mutual acceptance. Of course there are occasions where negotiation is not possible, and that would be for example in the case of an emergency, when the physician needs to save the patient without negotiating beforehand. In that case, the medical professional may act in a paternalistic way, however if there is a competent patient, negotiation is possible and can often be characterized in terms of any of the above-mentioned models (parent-child, friends, partners, etc. ). The aspect that the relationship is seen as a negotiation counters the paternalistic view, in that the patient is given choice. If the patient chooses to give up his autonomy, and lay his destiny in the hands of his physician, that is his preference, unlike the paternalistic model, where that is not a choice, but the only way. The paternalistic model is not the only realistic relationship between doctor and patient. â€Å"As a normative model, paternalism tends to concentrate on care rather than respect, patients’ needs rather than their rights, and physicians’ discretion rather than patients’ autonomy or self determination. As I have mentioned previously, there are many other factors that must always be taken into consideration when dealing with a patient. Autonomy, self-determination, and respect, are surely incredibly important when dealing with a patient, and paternalism ignores those factors. The above-mentioned arguments, and alternative relationship model s, clearly oppose the claim that paternalism is the only appropriate relationship. As I had asked the questions: Should doctors really hold complete responsibility for our health? Should they be the ones to make all the important medical decisions without patients having any say? I believe the answer to both questions is quite clear, that the responsibility should be shared, and the patient, if capable, should take part in the decision making process. That being said, paternalism is not the most appropriate model and no one relationship trumps another. Instead, all must be taken into account depending on circumstance. How to cite Phil 235 Paternalism Essay, Essay examples

Identify And Discuss The Elements Of Romanticism As Given Expression I Essay Example For Students

Identify And Discuss The Elements Of Romanticism As Given Expression I Essay n John Keats poem Lamia and William Wordsworths excerpt from The Excursion. The term romanticism is used to describe the aesthetic movement during the period from about 1776-1834. It was a revolutionary movement because it focused on ideals which in stark contrast to the Classical movement, The Enlightenment, which preceded it. More importantly however is the fact that it reflected the social climate of the period which with the development of the French Revolution was in itself revolutionary. Rationalism, empiricism, materialism and mechanism were the central were the central philosophies of The Enlightenment and was therefore a period in literature that focused on the precision of the form and content of the piece rather than its inspiration (******). In contrast, Romanticism brought the attention back to the individual. The era of reason was replaced with a new passion for mystery and the supernatural, freedom of thought and expression, an idealisation and pantheistic belief in nature, and the affirmation of the creative (and divine) powers of the imagination. Truth could be arrived at through imagination and emotional faculties rather than reason.(Kitson, 1996). Romanticism can therefore be viewed as a reaction of emotion against reason, nature against artificiality, simplicity against complexity, faith against skepticism (lecture 10/3/00). Rene Wellek beautifully and succinctly describes the spirit of Romanticism in his assertion, Imagination for the view of poetry, nature for the view of the world, and the symbol and myth for poetic style (lectures, 2000). The catchcry for the period therefore shifted from I think therefore I am (Descartes) to I imagine therefore I am human. The value placed upon expression of these notions in the works of those such as John Keats and William Wordworth, effectively marked their poetic contributions as part of the voice of the Romantic movement.

Analysis of Dust of Snow

Robert Frost is a renowned poet who tries to change people’s mindsets through his numerous works of poetry. His poem ‘Dust of snow ‘ is brief but conveys the poet’s message coherently. The poem shows how human judgment on specific issues can be misleading. There are certain animals, things or objects that people associate with negativity and doom. People overlook these people, animals or plants when in search of help. They only proceed to tested reliable sources. The poet tries to alter this mindset through the poem (Braun 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of ‘Dust of Snow’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The poet depicts the crow and the hemlock tree as reasons for his changed mood and increased optimism. In our world, a crow is a bird widely detested. For some societies, a group of crows is associated with looming murder. A crow benefits from other living thing s misfortunes. Being a scavenger, it waits for other stronger creatures such as the vultures to rip open the carcasses only for it to consume the soft tissues. Moreover, its color is relatively black with a few patches of white for some species. The black completion implies doom while the white spots could mean the possibility of something good to be associated with the cruel bird. The hemlock tree, on the other hand, is a poisonous tree. Its consumption could lead to health complications for anyone. Due to this, the tree is avoided and considered useless. However, in the poem, the very bird we hate shakes up the poisonous tree causing snow to fall on the poet. The result is a changed individual who looks at life with a new mindset. The crow is the last bird we would expect to initiate any positive deed. In this case, it is the precise source of positive transformation (Gregory 1). There exist different species of crows with various physical attributes in the world. However, they al l portray the same negative characteristics. This is symbolic of the people, locations, things, and animals that are deeply ostracized. Just as the different crows, they are all typical representatives of doom in our lives. The poet is possibly advocating for the need to perceive them with a positive state of mind. We could as well be misjudging them and in the process miss out on the positive influences they could have in our lives. Besides, snowdrops on the poet since he is positioned under the hemlock tree. His position symbolizes people’s need to take risks in trusting those they mistrust. Evidence of past dangerous tendencies does not necessarily justify future danger. Though written in straightforward language with no similes or adjectives, the poem conveys its message through imagery. In the process, of reading the poem, images of someone in a melancholic mood walking in a snowy landscape are created in our mind. The poem achieves this by use of familiarity and contras t.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Every reader can associate with a snowy landscape and a crow on a tree. Each reader can, therefore, perceive a black crow perched on a tree in a contrasting white snowy surrounding. The contrast could be representative of the poet’s varied moods (Gregory 1). Robert Frost’s poetry is characterized by a traditional form of verse, themes of the natural landscape, human experiences, human limitations, and travel. ‘Dust of Snow’ follows the same line of thought. The language in which it is written is simple and easy to comprehend. Some scholars refer to it as a beautiful, refined language. It avoids the use of poetic styles such as metaphors, rhyme, and refrains and only utilizes indirect imagery to convey its message. This is characteristic of traditional verse that enables it to reach a broader audience. The setting of the poem is in a snowy landscape with a tree and a bird perched on it. These emulate other poetic works by the poet that have a natural setting. The use a crow and a hemlock tree, true characters in nature, depict the occurrences over which we have minimal control. The poet possibly prefers using nature since it is something that affects each and everyone’s life. Consequently, a larger audience is touched (Gregory 1). The poem is also based on human experiences. It denotes a traveler who passes below a hemlock tree. The melancholic mood before could be associated with adverse experiences the traveler has had in his past life. The new encounter with the crow on the tree alters his mood positively. Human experiences are things that every reader can associate with. At one time or the other, human beings go through sad moments and happy moments. The poet exploits this knowledge to provide situations that we can identify with and thus effectively act on the message passed. More over, most of his works majorly involve traveling. This poem is not different in this aspect. The speaker must have been traveling in the snowy landscape when the experience described occurred. Having had all the above attributes, ‘Dust of snow’ conveys the message of misjudgment successfully. In due course, it remains representative of Robert Frost’s works.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of ‘Dust of Snow’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Braun, Lynda. In Depth Interpretation of Robert Frost’s Classic Poem, Dust of Snow. Yahoo! Contributor, 10 Mar. 2009. Web. Gregory, Elizabeth. Imagery in Frost’s Dust Snow. Poetry suite101, 14 Oct. 2007. Web. This essay on Analysis of ‘Dust of Snow’ was written and submitted by user Jed1d1ah to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

New York State Unit Study - Geography, State Symbols Facts

New York State Unit Study - Geography, State Symbols Facts These state unit studies are designed to help children learn the geography of the United States and learn factual information about every state. These studies are great for children in the public and private education system as well as homeschooled children. Print the United States Map and color each state as you study it. Keep map at the front of your notebook for use with each state. Print the State Information Sheet and fill in the information as you find it. Print the New York State Outline Map and fill in the state capital, large cities and state attractions that you find. Answer the following questions on lined paper in complete sentences. State Capital What is the capital?Virtual Tour of the State CapitolState Flag What is Justice holding and what do they represent?Flag Quiz/PrintoutState Flower When was the state flower officially adopted?State Fruit When was the state fruit adopted?State Bird When do these birds return north?State Animal What is the state animal?State Fish Where are these fish found?State Insect How does this insect help gardeners?State Fossil What crab is this fossil related to?State Shell How do these scallops swim?State Tree When was the state tree adopted?State Gem What color is this gem?State Song Who wrote the state song?State Seal When was the current seal created?State Motto What is the state motto and what does it mean?State Muffin Make this state muffin and enjoy with the state beverage!State Beverage What is the state beverage? New York Printable Pages - Learn more about New York with these printable worksheets and coloring pages. Fun in the Kitchen - The official muffin of New York State, the Apple Muffin, was created by elementary school children in North Syracuse, New York. Try their official recipe. Presidents born in New York: Theodore RooseveltFranklin Delano Roosevelt History - Learn about the history of New York. Big Apple Factoids - A New York Matching Game - be sure to read the facts after you find the match! New York Underground - New Yorkers go about unaware of what is happening just beneath their feet: Power pulses, information flies, and steam flows. Go on this virtual field trip underground! Niagara: The Story of the Falls - Take a journey down the perilous Niagara River, play the daredevil trivia adventure, explore the timeline of falls firsts, and discover surprising stories in snapshots of the falls. Empire State Building - Find fun facts, go on a photo tour, and play some games. The Chrysler Building - Pictures of this New York City skyscraper. Word Search - Find the hidden New York related words. Coloring Book - Print and color these pictures of the New York state symbols. Fun Facts - What is the states longest river? Read these fun New York facts and find out. Capitol Minutes - Short audio presentation of historical and educational interest. Buck Mountain - Take a virtual hike up Buck Mountain. Crossword Puzzle - Can you solve the crossword puzzle? Word Find - Find the hidden New York State Regions. Word Scramble - Can you unscramble these New York State symbols? Odd New York Law: It used to be illegal to ring the doorbell and disturb the occupant of a house.

Office Information System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Office Information System - Essay Example Management information system is indispensable for an effective management of an organization as it enhances the mode of communication among the workers, distributes work materials throughout the organization, maintains the aggregated information for process and future reference, improves the cost-effectiveness by replacing the time consuming manual activities, and others. Altogether management information system provides the right direction for an organization to achieve its strategic goals (Laudon & Laudon, 2006). The office is the most imperative part of a business organization as it deals with fundamental operations of the business like preparing documents, maintaining the accounts and payroll details, performing complex computations, responding to the service request, dealing with complaints, verification of details, planning and scheduling various business activities and many more. This office maintains the entire state of a business. For a successful business organization, an enhanced office environment facilitated with excellent communication functionalities among its employees is very important which is in turn capable of improving their productivity. Here is where office information system renders a major helping hand. Office information system includes a wide variety of computer hardware and software architectures forming a network to accomplish the routine tasks and goals of a business organization. It facilitates in generating all types of documents with the help of text processors, stores those documents and retrieves them whenever needed with the help of electronic document management systems, disseminates messages and intimations to the employees with the help of electronic message communication systems and schedules timely interaction between the various hierarchical levels of the business organization.

SIM335 Managing Projects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

SIM335 Managing Projects - Essay Example The direct relationship between the activities was found where ‘Finish to Start’ approach was adopted as per the requirements mentioned before the diagram was to be designed. Determining the total float on the other end means the total amount of time for which the task can be delayed and which does not negatively affect the project whatsoever the conditions are. The formula for the total float is given as follows: Total Float = Late Start – Early Start This means that subtracting the time of the activity which was recorded in case of the early start as well as the late start will provide us the total float that can be recorded in the activities undergoing, but that will not affect the process in negative way. Question 3: The duration of the project as well as the critical path are related to each other in an important sense, i.e. the shortest duration of time that is needed to finish all activities in a task to enhance the efficiency scale. According to the networ k diagram given above, the shortest duration of the project will be 72 days, and therefore that will be defining the critical path. The critical path of the diagram will not be an easy task as the whole task is based on the ES and EF basis except two points, i.e. end of activity 2 and end of activity 8. The critical path will follow the track from A > F > G > H > I > K > L > M > N > O > P > Q. Question 4: The critical path shows it will take 72 days for the task to complete, and that is shortest possible time in which a process can complete. Now if the project will start on 16th January, 2012, on Monday, then it will take 14 weeks and 2 days in the completion of the project. Calculating weeks from the starting date, the project must end on the second day, i.e. Tuesday of the 15th week after the project has started on 16th January. The second day of 15th week becomes Tuesday 1st May, 2012. This will be the earliest date when the project will be completed. Question 5: If activity B de lays for 2 days then that will not make any change in to the final duration of the project, as activity B and F are going on the same time period, rather activity F is going on for 4 more days than the activity B and also activity F is included in the critical path and therefore there will not be any effect on the duration of the project. The delay of 2 days in activity P will straightaway affect the whole duration of the project because it is directly dependent as well as independent activity and any change in duration of this activity will change the duration of the whole project. Therefore, this will result in the delay of 2 days in the duration of project and now it will take total 74 days to complete the project, and it will now finish on Thursday 3 May, 2012. The delay in activity O of 1 day will also follow the same case as was happened in activity P case, but with 1 day delay in the project completion. Therefore the project will now be over on 2nd May, 2012 on Wednesday. Que stion 6: The main limitations in the network diagram are as follows: The toolbar cannot help the elements to be created through the use of dragging and dropping. It is not possible to transfer the elements to the work management view from the

Development of Human Computer Interface

Development of Human Computer Interface Development of Human Computer Interface Based on Cognitive Model Integrated With Data Mining Techniques M. Mayilvaganan, D. Kalpanadevi Abstract First review concern about the relevant literature survey in order to evaluate the performance of learning ability and knowledge, behavior, attention, by the category of cognitive skills which is analyzed by various data mining techniques. In this paper focus the concepts of cognitive process and data mining techniques which are used to evaluate the usability of system based on metrics for analyzing problem solving resources. The implementation of cognitive process in the Human computer Interface(HCI) system contributes to give better performance of the human behavior which will be analyses by data mining technique of classification and clustering process can be proposed to evaluate the knowledge of person in efficient manner. This implies that the skills will be stimulated over time through intentional support and also helps for various resources based on different categorize. Keywords: GOM Model, Data mining techniques, Human Computer Interface system, Observational method, C4.5, Naà ¯ve Bayes, K-means, Weka Tool. Introduction Data mining also called Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) in the field of discovering novel and potentially useful information from large amount of data. In recent years, there has been increasing interest on the use of data mining to investigate scientific questions for problem solving analysis, an area of human thinking, behavior, analyse the performance from the knowledge criteria are gathered by the techniques of data mining [1]. An ability of cognitive performance is essential in various environment, which is influenced by many qualitative attributes are included for forming the data set. Data mining techniques such as K-nearest neighbor, decision tree, Naà ¯ve Bayes, Neural network, Fuzzy, Genetic and other techniques are applied in various environments [3]. This paper describes about literature survey on to analyse the cognitive performance integrates with data mining techniques. 2. Cognitive process in Human Computer Interaction (HCI) Human computer interaction is concerned with how people use computer system to perform tasks, usually in a real life work setting. To evaluate the competing task by using usability criteria based on cognitive models. Cognitive processes is the process that involve knowledge, attention, memory, producing and understanding the language, problem solving and decision making. All these are very important for human behavior. The working process of each task can be analyzed by data mining techniques for finding the human behavior, attitude and attention performance in respect way. 2.1 Collecting Qualitative Data through Cognitive process Scope of knowledge is accumulated information, problem solving schemas, performance skills, expertise, memory capacity, problem representation ability, abstraction and categorization abilities, synthesis skills, long-term concentration ability, motivation, efficiency and accuracy. Data which is collected by using variety of techniques like Video and audio recording, software logging, Scan converters, think- aloud protocols or pencil and paper field notes. These techniques can be followed by several cognitive models such as GOM model, KLM model, Cognitive complexity which has to be evaluating by language based model such as Command Language grammar, Task Action Language, Task Action Grammar, and Knowledge Analysis of tasks. In cognitive complexity, the tasks can be assessed by analysing the number of entities that have to be related in a single representation. For eg: The hypothesis ideas such as collecting the personal data, family background, academic details, extracurricular activities, activities while during studies etc., are the basic attributes for analysing the performance skill for required person. The techniques are outlined for analysis of cognitive complexity in general cognition, cognitive development, mathematics education, reasoning tasks, psychometric test items, and industrial decision making, problem solving etc. The role of questionary format on the basis of problem solving, reasoning task, behaviour methods to analyse in effective way. 2.2 GOMS Model GOMS model stands for Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection rules needed to perform a task. Tasks are broken down into their components to predict performance times. Figure.1 represents the process of GOM model describe as Goals are objectives Operators are the actions that change the system state or the cognitive state. Methods are description of procedures for achieving goals stored in the user’s knowledge structure of the task built-up for the problem solving. Fig.1 GOM model Selection Rules are If †¦Then statements to enable the user to choose between the methods under the time complexity. 2.3 Keystroke Level Model (KLM) KLM is derived from GOMS and describes the time taken to execute sub-task using the system facilities. Total time taken for an action is arrived at by simply adding together the times for each component task. To obtain the predicted time for a task and add the times for individual operators based on Fitt law, Steering Law. 2.4 Cognitive Complexity Theory Cognitive complexity theory is an extension of GOMS. It attempts to predict how difficult learn and use a system will be base on a GOMS model of the task and its required knowledge, a model of the user current knowledge and a list of the items of knowledge to be learned in order for the user to be able to make error- free use of the system. 2.5 Knowledge Analysis of Tasks (KAT) KAT is an evaluate model to identify the task gathered from variety of techniques including interviews and questionnaires, observation, rating scales, repertory grids and conduct online test for problem solving. The completed tasks will analysis for the performer by producing the result. KAT involves several stages such as Identify the person goals, sub goal and subtasks Work out order in which sub goal are to be carried out. Identify task strategies. Identify procedures. Identify Task Objects and Actions. 3. Data Mining Concepts Integrates To HCI The variety of domain values which are related with performance based on their required result carried out by cognitive process model. From fig.1 shows such factor may be founded by means of analysis based on data mining techniques. Usability criteria can be measured by setting performance targets in the system design at the stage of effectiveness, learning ability, and flexibility, attitude which is evaluated by either survey or experimental method. An analytical evaluation method is followed by the GOMS model, KLM model and Cognitive complexity theory for end-user testing through knowledge task analysis. After observational evaluation happened, the collection of data will be stored in the database. Using data mining techniques, preprocessing, data cleaning and transformation are carried out for avoid the redundancy and clear the noisy data from the database. After preprocessing, several algorithms are applied to discover the knowledge and performance factor are analysed to identify the human ability. 4. Data mining techniques An application of Data mining is a rich focus of Classification algorithm, Association algorithm, Clustering algorithm which can be applied to the field of some resources it concerns with developing methods that discover the knowledge from data originating from any other resource environment. Fig.1. Methodology Process of analyse skill by Data Mining Techniques 4.1 Classification Techniques In Classification process, the derive model is to predict the class of objects whose class label is unknown. The derived model is based on the analysis of asset of training data. In educational data mining, the work of data was predicted by logical rule of the Classification algorithms with the represent of common domain values for analyzing the qualitative performance of required details. In this case study, it can be predicting the human behavior through HCI by given the problem solving question, observational process and other resources. In this technique, it can be classified the functioning of cognitive style such as logical reasoning, analytical ability, Numerical ability, balanced profile for skill learning, personality analysis and other styles for analyzing the skill for the human user from the collected dataset systematically. In C4.5 algorithm construct in which enhanced by ID3 algorithm and it works in divide and conquer method. At the beginning stage the root is present to associate with training data set. The rule set is formed from the initial state of decision tree. Each path from the initial state, the condition will be evaluate and simplified by the effect of rule and an outcomes will put on the required leaf, the step will continuous when it comes discarding the condition. Let freq (Ci, S) stand for the number of samples in S that belong to class Ci (out of k possible classes), and à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ½Sà ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ½ denotes the number of samples in the set S. Then the entropy of the set S: equation (1) After set T has been partitioned in accordance with n outcomes of one attribute test X: equation (2) gain (x) = info (T) infox(T) In Naà ¯ve Bayes algorithm, to reduce computation in evaluating P (X|Ci), the naive assumption of class conditional is made. This presumes that the values of the attributes are conditionally independent of one another, given the class label of the tuple. The data set predicts that tuple X belongs to the class Ci. equation (3) By Bayes’ theorem, the classic for which P (Ci |X) is maximized is called the maximum posteriori hypothesis. P (Ci |X) = P(X|Ci)P(Ci) / P(X) equation (4) The classic for which P (Ci |X) is maximized is called the maximum posteriori hypothesis. It can easily estimate the probabilities P(x1|Ci)Ãâ€"P(x2|Ci)Ãâ€" ·Ã‚ ·Ãƒâ€"P(xn|Ci) from the training tuples by the following relationship. equation (5) 4.3 Clustering Techniques Cluster analysis is used to segment a large set of data into subsets called clusters. It is the process of grouping or organizing a set of objects into distinct group based on some similarity or dissimilarity measure among the individual objects, such that the objects in the same group are more similar to each other than those in other groups [2]. Through this technique, it can be cluster the skill level in style wise or any other pattern and analyse in each cognitive style in grouped manner. In this paper, K-means clustering can be used to analyse the classification of training tuple from the rule base relation, then it can be grouped the performance of skill in pattern wise. K-means algorithm takes the input parameter and partitions a set of n objects into k clusters. Cluster similarity is measured in regard to the mean value of the objects in a cluster based on center of gravity. For each of the remaining object is assigned to the cluster based on the distance. Iteration can be repeated until the function can satisfied. equation (6) where E is the sum of the square error for all objects in the data set; p is the point in space representing a given object; and mi is the mean of cluster Ci, the distance from the object to its cluster center is squared, and the distances are summed. The resulting of k clusters as compact and group can be formed for the required pattern. Experimentation of Training Data set and Result Analysis Using Data mining Techniques From this research survey, it can be analysed and produced an idea to propose the human performance based on cognitive process through Human Computer interface by interacting from computer system. The training data set can be experimented in data mining techniques to analysis the behavior of the human user via computer system. In this experiment, Classification technique approach was obtained accuracy to classification for forum data. Using Weka tool the classification algorithm was provided to experiment with sample data set by the given attributes like logical reasoning, numerical ability and personality for analyse the skill level of human user. Through clustering technique it can be analysed the performance of skill level from the classified training data set. Weka provides the range of the functioning in style wise and estimates the accuracy of resulting predicting model in classification algorithms are C4.5 and Naà ¯ve Bayes techniques used in the analyzing process. These techniques are decision making rule process which can be worked in probability evaluation model on the analysis of a set of training data. If logical_reasoning = good and Numerial_ability = good and personality=good then Performance= Good_skill_user If logical_reasoning = poor and Numerial_ability = poor and personality=good then Performance= Average_skill_user If logical_reasoning = poor and Numerial_ability = poor and personality=poor then Performance= below _average _skill_user TABLE.1: PERFORMANCE MEASURE FOR TRAINING DATA OF 200 SAMPLE INSTANCE From table.1, shows the measuring the performance of execution time and correctly classified instance based on the proposed algorithm for predicting in rule. In second experiment, the data clustering method can be used for checking the similarity based on the criteria of performance like Good skill user, Average Skill user and below average skill user using K-means algorithm technique. Fig. 2: Clustering Performance in pattern wise analysis 6. Conclusion In this studied, it can be concluded that an idea of Human computer interface which integrate with respect to cognitive models for analyzing human behavior of skill gathered by using problem solving using data mining techniques. By using 200 instance of sample training data set, which can be predicted by the rule of classification techniques of C4.5 and Naà ¯ve Bayes algorithm which can be produced their efficiency are C4.5 classified by execution time of accuracy is 0.25 second and 170 instance are correctly classified. Naà ¯ve Bayes algorithm classified by execution time of accuracy is 0.1 second and 142 instances are correctly classified. From the above analysis more instance of classifier is C4.5 algorithm was well suited for classification to skill analysis. Finally, it can be analysis by category wise based on pattern then produce 80% of Good skill user, 40% of Average Skill user and 5% below average skill user using K-means clustering algorithm. References 7.1 Book [1] Jiawei Han and Micheline Kamber, Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques, 2nd ed., Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2006. Arun K Pujari, â€Å"Data mining techniques†, University Press (India) Private Limited. David Hand, Heikki Mannila adhraic Smyth, â€Å"Principles of Data Mining†, MIT Press, 2001. Anderson, J.R, ‘The Architecture of Cognition’, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1983). 7.2 Journal Article [5] Richard E.Clark, â€Å"Cognitive Task Analysis†, October 14, 2006. [6] Chipman, S. F., Schraagen, J. M., Shalin, V. L., â€Å"Introduction to Cognitive task analysis† [7] David H. Jonassen, â€Å"Analysis of Task Procedures†, Copyright [emailprotected] 1986. 7.3 Conference Proceedings [8] Bainbridge, L. â€Å"The change in concepts needed to account for human behaviour in complex  dynamic tasks†, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and  Humans, 27, 351–359. [9] Arbi Ghazarian, â€Å"Pauses in man-machine interactions: a clue to users â€Å" Skill levels and their user  interface requirements†, Int. J. Cognitive Performance Support, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2013. [10] Sheikh,L Tanveer B. and Hamdani,S., Interesting Measures for Mining Association Rules.  IEEE-INMIC Conference December. 2004. [11] M. O. Mansur, M.Sap and M. Noor, â€Å"Outlier Detection Technique in Data mining: A Research  Perceptive†, In Postgraduate Annual Research Seminar, 2005. 1

Findings Analysis Essay

I have found out my primary information about the idea of ‘slim-line kitchen electrical appliances ‘ by doing a quota sampling, which meant dividing the population into various age groups and backgrounds and carrying out questionnaires. In my results in source 14, which is my questionnaire, the first question shows the gender of the amount of people that help fill in the questionnaire. Out of 150 people that I questioned only 36.6% were males and females a greater percentage of 63.6(%). This shows that on average most of the people I questioned were females. Source 2 also supports this idea as it states that the majority of people living in England are females at 51%. Also the details in source 6 show the gender of people that purchase brown and white goods, the larger percentage goes towards the women at 54%. Also an evidence of this statement that there are more women than men in GB is illustrated in source 2, it shows that in 2003 there were more women than men- and that I think has increased during recent years because source 2 shows that women are at 51% of the population in UK, then source 6 shows women are at 54 and source 14 [the questionnaire] shows they are at 63 percent (you can see that in the chart below that shows these results), and I predict this is going to escalate far more in a years or so time; which means if S and S plc was to choose their target group then in my opinion women should be targeted not only for their percentage as a whole but as for the person that makes decisions about where the kitchen appliances go and what should be bought. The second question in the questionnaire asks for the age groups of the person that is filling in the questionnaire; the most widely held answer is the 45-54 age group. On a percentage out of 150 people 48% of the people come in that particular age group. Although my source 2 says that the majority of the people living in Great Britain are either between the age group of 35-44 or above 65, however my source is over 3 years old, which could make big difference as related to new market, but maybe the area that I was doing the questionnaire in; the majority of the people were between 45 and 54. The rest of the questionnaire still supports the idea of what S and S plc is trying to introduce. This means they have now got an idea of what the population’s wants and needs are. S and S plc need to confirm the target age group and then plan sale strategies. Question 4 asks the people what newspapers they read. Out of a variety of newspapers most of the people wrote their answer as ‘The Daily Telegraph’, 62% out of 150 people. This question is not completely pointless as it is a method of advertising for many companies including electrical stores such as Dixons, Comet and Currys. According to my source 12 quite a big percentage of the expenditure that a business is ready to pay for advertising belongs to the press area /newspapers. Out of 10 different electrical stores 76% of the money they spend on advertising is in the press column. Therefore it would be very beneficial for S and S plc to put their ads into the two top particular newspapers ‘Daily Telegraph’ being the top. Another quite high percentage of the advertising goes into the radio, which is also another method for S and S plc to attain more awareness. The next question asks the people how many people live in their household, majority of the people answered ‘4’ to the question. Out of 150 people 30% said ‘4’. Source 4 of my secondary data illustrates that 13.2% of the people out of 25,220 people have 4 persons living in their household and the majority of the people answered ‘2 persons’ out of the same audience 34.9% to be exact, however we know that my secondary information is about 2 years old which only shows me old data that is not accurate but as we know now the majority of the people have 4 persons in their household, because as times go on people make more decisions. This means that there are more people living in a single household now as opposed to 2 years ago, therefore white goods will be necessary for them in their daily life unlike single people living alone don’t need as much white goods because they won’t use it a lot. So if S and S plc were to get targets then goi ng for the more colonized houses because they will be a god idea and these will be their ideal customers. Question six asks the people what circumstances will aid them to consider buying slim white goods to replace them with the old. The choices included from ‘new models introduced’, ‘moving house’, ‘changing their kitchens’ and/or ‘when their old goods break down’. The majority of the people answered as when they move houses, 62.6% out of 150 people agreed to that. This gives S and S plc the opportunity to sell their products, if they know how many people are moving houses on average they can work out the amount of the kitchen electrical appliances that they need to produce, this will maintain the sale of the slim-line white goods as the results in source 5 show the statistics that, there are increasingly more people that either move or as a result separation move to another home alone. If S and S plc want to boost their sales they have to advertise it to the people that are moving houses [as white goods are very important in a househo ld, it is almost a necessity]. Source 3 also shows that the majority of the people in 1 household are 2 persons. And as more people move into the same house there is an even greater need of white goods, and as some houses are quite cramped slim-line white goods is the best option so that sort of people should be target to the S and S plc. Question seven enquires the people how long ago was the last time that they purchased/changed their white good. The majority of the people answered this question as last 5 years which sums up to be 48% out of the total of 150 people. This shows that the majority of people will not spend frequently on white goods as they are only replaced when they are damaged or too much out of date, this is simply because that the people are already used to the way that that particular white good works. Also another reason for people not to change their white goods purchased in last 5 years is that the white goods technology hasn’t changed much in the last 5 years so no reason to change their white goods, but as source 8 of my raw information shows that there is an increasing demand of new technology therefore sale for the slim-line white goods will produce profit to S and S plc as the â€Å"savvy consumers† is the prime driver of the market. The pie chart in the same source reveals th at the second highest percentage of consumers spending on electricals belongs to the household appliances this is a 23% of the expenditure. Question eight asks the people where they purchase their kitchen appliances; the applicants were given four choices out of which 3 were specialist retailers and one non-specialist. However you would expect a specialist such as Curry or Dixon’s to rule this sort of market, but the majority of the people’s answer was ‘other specialist retailer’ as these two retailers I mentioned are not experts and do not sell all brands that the people might be looking for. Some people have had good experiences with some brands that they wish to keep with. I predicted the majority of the shares should be owned by Dixon’s; this is also what my sources show namely source 11; it shows that the majority of the shares in the market belonged to these retailers in 2004. Source 9 of my raw information states that non-specialist such as ASDA and Tesco have a more constant product offering which is a step beyond WIGIG [when its gone its gone offer] that specialist retailers use as their sale strategies. These non-specialists sell varieties of brands and at a low cost too, thus increasing their sales. Source 9 also shows the statistics in the electrical retail market that this has caused. It has attracted customers from other markets such as PC and Audio-Visual markets because people would rather buy the same thing cheaper. This means that S and S plc should also increase and expand the variety of electrical goods the sell and do not necessarily have to be a specialist retailer for white/slim-line goods. This will increase their sales and give them a higher reputation in the electrical retail market. The ninth question in the questionnaire enquires if changes in the circumstances were to occur; [including those mentioned in question six], would they consider buying i.e. replacing them with slim-line versions of the goods. The majority of the people out of 150 answered â€Å"Yes†, this concluded to 86% the rest 14% answered â€Å"No†. People don’t find the urge to replace their existing electrical appliances as quick as any other item in the household, this is because these can be shared and it is only going to be a waste if you used it once and then dispose of it especially when it costs a lot. So as seen in question 6, most people will only replace their kitchen electrical goods when they move house. The idea of slim line appliances in kitchen is new so many people will not be too comfortable with using these, therefore sales for these will not increase soon after the promotion. According to the results I for this question it looks like quite a high percenta ge of people want to try it out and have a vision of what they will be when they buy them, because they know this will save space in their house no matter what the amount of people in the household. There are a number of reasons why people would want to purchase slim-line kitchen electrical goods. One that I think is different than any other is efficiency of the goods. If it saves the customers money, they will defiantly choose this item to last for a long time. Source 7 states ‘The largest amounts of customer spending go on housing/electricity/gas & other fuels’, so slim-line kitchen electrical goods were to decrease the money spent they would be able to buy more goods as they get more ‘disposable income’ SAY SOME STUFF ABOUT THE NEWSPAPER ARTICLE !!. What S and S plc needs to do is to advertise their product so that it illustrates that it is efficient and takes less space they need to take this measurement in the plotting of the sale strategy, this could be S and S plc’s unique selling point, something that distinguishes S and S plc from other retailers. In source 7 [i.e. fig.11] you can see the statistics as to how much people spend on the men tioned factors. From the graph above you can see that even though the expenditures are increasing slowly if not very swiftly. This you can see in the tale where in the %change column you can see that even though expenditures were increasing as a percentage in midyear intervals for many years, it is slowly levelling out/decreasing. Question 10 asks the people if they were given a choice to own a slim-line kitchen electrical good would the replace it with their existing ones. 59.3% of the people answered yes. As I said, for replacement of kitchen electrical goods slim-line kitchen electrical appliances are best suited as they as well as being efficient this will also be more modern and will take less space, so this offers the customers an opportunity to work more efficiently and in a better/ bigger space. HELP!!! Question eleven is entitled to find out what the motivation is that leads the sales of kitchen electrical appliances in the market. The question was ‘ What motivates you to buy a new kitchen electrical appliance?’ We provided them with four possible answers these included the price, its capacity, brand name or energy efficient. A high percentage of people were motivated by looking at the appliance’s capacity, which is vital because if it has to be shared it must be sufficiently big. This added up to 21.3% of the people out of 150 that help fill the questionnaire. The higher percentage [48%] of the people said they were motivated by the price, so if it was cheap and had a big capacity more customers would purchase the product. Not much of the credit went to the brand name, although I would have guessed this would be a bigger motivation to the people because when many people have had experience with one brand they stick to it and pass on their reviews, then again it isn’t very often that people buy kitchen electrical appliances and it’s models changes from year to year. This means that when S and S plc rules the JnK plc companies in Asia, they won’t have much difficulty with introducing new products into the market and sell as much as possible. However more credibility goes to energy efficiency, so some people are interested in saving money per annual rather than once, at the purchase time, this answer was chosen by 12% of the total. This question too links to source 7 as it shows that more people are decreasing the amount of money spent on electricity, gas, & water etc. It shows that less people are ready to pay a lot of money for these appliances. The last question finishes off the questionnaire with asking the people if slim-line kitchen electrical appliances were in the market would the people buy them. The majority of the people chose to buy their goods only if their circumstances were to change. This means that even though slim-line kitchen electrical goods are a big success they will only be purchased when they need to replace them because people don’t want to change their kitchen appliances too frequently, only when they move or if the old one is broken. 42.3% of people chose this for an answer. This means that people are not desperate to own one but they reckon it is a good idea to own one Well this questionnaire gave S and S plc a good guidance on what the market is like and if slim-line kitchen electrical appliances would sell in that market and to choose their target and unique selling point.

Md. Al Amin Essay

Tree plantation, trees are generally one of the many elements which constitute our own surrounding. Tree planting, In case within a granted spot, woods tend not to really exist inside ample ratio to be able to males, earth, creatures, atmosphere as well as normal water, this ecological equilibrium receives disturbed and living gets to be complicated or maybe not possible. There are many types of fruit trees exist in the world like, banana trees, bonsai trees, paulownia tree, palm trees, almond tree, mango tree, rubber tree, neem trees. Tree plantation, they provide hardwood for various uses and give shade and protection to the individuals. These people catch the attention of confuses and result in rainwater which stops desertification method. One of the main resources from where many of us fulfill our own requirement of heat energy will be fire-wood given by woods. Trees cover quite a lot of our own foods deficiency by giving fruit and vitamin products by tree planting. Tree Plantation, These people avoid earth erosion and produce this territory fertile. These people produce marvelous moments and precede all of us along with pleasure and joy by Tree Plantation. Thus woods are generally our own great close friends plus they are beneficial to all of us in several ways. Moreover they present barks and foliage required for creating medications. Your negative effects on the scarcity associated with woods have already been turning up. You will find individuals who have no idea of the truly great positive aspects that people gain via woods. Tree Plantation, These people thoughtlessly kill woods and vegetation a great deal so that our own do parts have grown to be blank. Thus tree planting or planting associated with woods in order to cover this hole is crucial for our everyday living Tree Plantation, Thus eve year within the stormy season it can be declared from the applicable functionaries on the federal government which vegetation can belted within the towns and towns on a specific period-called Tree Sugar plantation Fortnight’. Tree Plantation, Our own federal government is fairly knowledgeable to the circumstance that is certainly within the offing. Tree Plantation, hat motion associated with a forestation features, by now, accumulated any impetus. Tree Plantation, in the week these applicable sections on the federal government present a lot associated with vegetation associated with unique types to the individuals for planting. People get notice this utility associated with woods and their monetary benefit. Tree  Plantation, Every person associated with Bangladesh not only Bangladesh ought to carry desire for properly woods. Not simply within the countryside, inside towns and metropolitan areas in addition should individuals occur ahead to join this particular motion. Your woods planting motion must be created profitable. Every residence, college, medical center, higher education, along with other organizations should be way up and accomplishing to be able to vegetable different kinds associated with woods the many year round of their back yards and property. So everybody should plant for the planet by Tree Plantation.

Argument Of Galileo Dialogue Summary - 1965 Words

Galileo’s Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems uses powerful logic and simply described concepts to overcome the Aristotelian bias of the populous and argue in favor of Copernicus’ heliocentric view of the universe. Copernicus theorized that the earth, along with the other planets in the sky, is in motion around the sun. The Aristotelian’s geocentric worldview, that the earth is the motionless center of the universe, was deeply ingrained into the minds of the people and the teachings of the church. Galileo’s argument had to be not only incisive and logical to have any sway, but it also had to avoid offending or denying the ancient principles of thought proposed by Aristotle. He walked this delicate line between educating the public and†¦show more content†¦In parroting the principles of Aristotle, they â€Å"do not notice how much damage they do to his reputation, how much discredit they bring him, and how much they diminish his authority inst ead of increasing it† (199). These men take Aristotle’s good name and drag it through the mud by claiming that every one of his sayings is absolute truth, rather than the best possible hypothesis he could have made with his level of technology. By undermining the arguments of his opponents in this way, Galileo frees himself up to defer to Aristotle’s logical principles without invoking quotations of his conclusions. While Galileo holds little respect for those who take Aristotle’s theories at face value, he shows no lack of respect for the great philosopher himself. Galileo applauds the fact that Aristotle’s works are examined and closely studied, and â€Å"only blame(s) submitting to him in such a way that one blindly subscribes to all his assertions and accepts them as unquestionable dictates† (200). Galileo’s arguments for heliocentrism would convince any layman of their truth, but his opponents are so set in their ways that they would be unwilling to even listen to his concepts. When an opponent relies on ancient words and does not use ration to come to their beliefs, it is impossible to use ration to convince them otherwise. Galileo, in his effort to contest what his opponents consider incontestable,Show MoreRelatedGalileo1646 Words   |  7 PagesPueblo Community College Galileo Life after punishment Joe Davalos History 102 Western Civilization II Mr. Richard L. Rollins May 1, 2014 Joseph Davalos Mr. Richard Rollins History 102 Western Civilization II April 10, 2014 Galileo: life after punishment Galileo Galilei, born February 15, 1564 was a mathematics professor a scientist, astronomer and physisist. He attended the University of Pisa to study medicine in 1583. He was fascinated with many subjects, particularlyRead MoreGalileo And The Scientific Revolution1549 Words   |  7 Pages Quick Facts Name Galileo Occupation Astronomer, Scientist Birth Date February 15, 1564 Death Date January 8, 1642 Did You Know? Galileo supported the Copernican theory, which supports a sun-centered solar system. Did You Know? Galileo was accused twice of heresy by the church for his beliefs. He remained under house arrest the remaining years of his life. Did You Know? Galileo devised his own telescope, in which he observed the moon and found Venus had phases like the moon, proving it rotatedRead MoreEssay On Why We Need Biotech Foods And Crops957 Words   |  4 PagesGMO’s. And I decided to read it and there is a couple points in here that will help everyone better undersatnd the process of GMO’s. This article goes in depth about how the earth envolved and how it took time for it to evolve. It talks about how Galileo thought the earth was in constant orbit around the sun. The uncertainty that popularizes discussion regarding GMOs is not astray from the norm, and in order to bring the big picture back into perspective I reference a The New York Times article writtenRead MoreRelation Between Science and Religion Essay4079 Words   |  17 Pagesthe origin and nature of the universe and humanity, and they cannot all be true. Science and religion are thus like two circles which intersect or partially overlap. It is in the area of intersection that the dialogue takes place. And during the last quarter century, a flourishing dialogue between science and theology has been going on in North America and Europe. In an address before a conference on the history and philosophy of thermodynamics, the prominent British physicist P. T. Landsberg suddenlyRead MoreEssay on Berkeleys Idealism2000 Words   |  8 PagesBerkeleys Idealism In this essay I shall give the historical background to Berkeleys Idealism and then offer an argument for Idealism and suggest how an idealist could defend his theory against common objections and criticisms. Bishop George Berkeleys Idealism or Immaterialism is the theory that the physical world exists only in the experiences minds have of it. Berkeleys Idealism restricts minds to God, human beings, animals and whatever other spirits there may commonly thought toRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesstructure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quite well. Their diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity, and relevancy should attract readers. Stanley Baronett. Jr., University of Nevada Las Vegas Far too many authors of contemporary texts in informal logic – keeping an eye on the sorts of arguments found in books on formal logic – forget, or underplay, how much of our daily reasoning is concerned not with arguments leading to truth-valued Read MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagesbookmark, annotate and highlight as you please †¢ Self-assessment questions that identify your strengths before recommending a personalised study plan that points you to the resources which can help you achieve a better grade †¢ Key concept audio summaries that you can download or listen to online †¢ Video cases that show real managers talking about their own organisations †¢ Revision flashcards to help you prepare for your exams †¢ A multi-lingual online glossary to help explain key concepts †¢ Guidance